Table 6 Exploratory factor analysis of measurement scales
Items | Factors | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived Ease of Use | Skill Engagement | Perceived Usefulness | Interaction Engagement | Attitude | |
Using the online gamification system improves my learning performance (PU1) | .194 | −.251 | .622 | .170 | .240 |
Using the online gamification system increases my learning outcome (PU2 | .031 | −.123 | .603 | .099 | .506 |
Using the online gamification system enhances my desire to produce desired result in my learning (PU3) | .154 | .272 | .689 | .130 | .053 |
Using the online gamification system is useful in my learning (PU4) | .141 | .211 | .900 | .095 | −.004 |
I find the online gamification system to be flexible to be used (PEOU1) | .726 | −.026 | .343 | .006 | .180 |
The online gamification functionality and interface is clear and understandable (PEOU2) | .732 | .221 | .366 | .136 | .082 |
Interacting with the online gamification system does not require a lot of my mental effort (PEOU3) | .741 | .181 | −.151 | .226 | .083 |
Overall, I believe that the online gamification system is easy to use (PEOU4) | .774 | .034 | .160 | −.059 | .203 |
I think that using online gamification system is a good idea (A1) | .456 | .371 | .115 | −.097 | .647 |
I like learning with online gamification system (A2) | .258 | .191 | .401 | −.125 | .565 |
I look forward to those aspects of my learning that require the use of online gamification system (A3) | .403 | .163 | −.038 | .383 | .641 |
Online gamification system encourage me in: Taking good notes in classroom (SE1) | −.019 | .800 | .130 | .078 | .343 |
Online gamification system encourage me in: Listening carefully in classroom (SE2) | .286 | .818 | .091 | .047 | .154 |
Online gamification system encourage me in: Making sure to study on regular basis (SE3) | .114 | .812 | .038 | .285 | −.123 |
Online gamification system contribute to me in: Having fun in the classroom (IE1) | .065 | .001 | .271 | .508 | .440 |
Online gamification system contribute to me in: Participating actively in small-group discussions (IE2) | −.053 | −.034 | .241 | .875 | .151 |
Online gamification system contribute to me in: Helping fellow students (IE3) | .261 | .218 | .140 | .764 | −.161 |
Online gamification system contribute to me in: Asking questions when I did not understand the lecturer (IE4) | .012 | .454 | −.106 | .678 | .017 |