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Table 1 Comparison of Game Elements used in previous studies

From: The effectiveness of gamification technique for higher education students engagement in polytechnic Muadzam Shah Pahang, Malaysia

 

Reference

Game Mechanics

Kuo and Chuang (2016)

Hanus and Fox (2015)

Sanmugam et al. (2016)

Hamari (2015)

Barata et al. (2013)

Badges

Leaderboard

 

Challeges

    

Levels

   

Points

 

  

Online activity

    

Incentive

   

XP