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Table 6 Differences in cognitive engagement reflected in students’ posts

From: Effects of using mobile instant messaging on student behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement: a quasi-experimental study

Dimension

Code

MIM

AOD

Operation

Sharing information

83 (24%)

76 (41%)

Seeking information

3 (1%)

0

 

Subtotal

86 (25%)

76 (41%)

Wayfinding

Commenting without elaboration

47 (13%)

3 (2%)

Requesting elaboration

20 (6%)

9 (5%)

Providing elaboration

32 (9%)

3 (2%)

Summarizing

16 (5%)

6 (3%)

 

Subtotal

115 (33%)

21 (12%)

Sense-making

Analyzing

19 (5%)

5 (3%)

Evaluating

35 (10%)

27 (15%)

 

Subtotal

54 (15%)

32 (18%)

Innovation

Reflecting

65 (18%)

47 (26%)

Creating

32 (9%)

8 (4%)

 

Subtotal

97 (27%)

55 (30%)

 

Total

352 (100%)

184 (100%)