Patterns of student collaborative learning in blended course designs based on their learning orientations: a student approaches to learning perspective

Table 4 Comparison of the proportions of types of collaborators

Types of collaborators	UC		MC		RC		Pairwise comparison	z	p
Types of collaborators	No	%	No	%	No	%	Pairwise comparison
Passive	16	22.22%	27	24.55%	19	33.93%	UC = MC	0.40	0.72
							UC = RC	1.50	0.14
							MC = RC	1.30	0.20
Active	18	25.00%	24	21.82%	19	33.93%	UC = MC	0.50	0.62
							UC = RC	1.10	0.27
							MC = RC	1.70	0.09
Reciprocal	38	52.78%	59	53.64%	18	32.14%	UC = MC	0.10	0.91
Reciprocal							UC > RC	2.30	0.02
							MC > RC	2.60	0.00

The significant results are bolded
UC Understanding Collaboration pattern, MC Mixed Collaboration pattern, RC Reproducing Collaboration pattern