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Table 1 Educational task of ECs

From: Educational chatbots for project-based learning: investigating learning outcomes for a team-based design course

Task

Description

Administrative and management

EC is used to aid the onboarding of learning activities

FAQ Platform

EC provides feedback on FAQs for administration or educational topics

Mentoring

EC is used to monitor students learning outcomes cognitively and affectively

Motivational

EC provides emotional and motivational support

Practice specific skills and abilities

EC is used as a practice buddy to learn a language, communication, and programming

Simulations

EC is used to simulate conditions that aid with rehabilitation, such as in healthcare

Reflection and metacognitive strategies

EC is used as a skillful classmate that aids learning

Student learning assessment

ECs measure learning outcomes quickly and routinely