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Table 2 Cronbach’s alpha, Rho A, Composite reliability and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) for the three constructs in the TAM model (Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), and Behavioral Intention (BI) for each tool

From: Technology acceptance of four digital learning technologies (classroom response system, classroom chat, e-lectures, and mobile virtual reality) after three months’ usage

Tool

Construct

Cronbach’s alpha

Rho A

Composite reliability

Average variance extracted

E-lectures

PU

0.847

0.865

0.897

0.685

PEOU

0.935

0.944

0.953

0.836

BI

0.959

0.960

0.968

0.860

CC

PU

0.936

0.945

0.951

0.795

PEOU

0.879

0.881

0.917

0.738

BI

0.992

0.992

0.993

0.968

CRS

PU

0.914

0.938

0.936

0.745

PEOU

0.958

0.966

0.970

0.889

BI

0.987

0.987

0.989

0.949

VR

PU

0.955

0.957

0.965

0.847

PEOU

0.942

0.964

0.956

0.812

BI

0.992

0.992

0.994

0.970