Table 5 Description of Variables
From: Integrating students’ perspectives about online learning: a hierarchy of factors
Description | |
|---|---|
Dependent Variable | |
Online Acceptance | Minus log sum of 1(strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) rating of 6 items (Cronbach’s α = 0.8002): • I enjoy online learning. • My overall impression of hybrid/online learning is very good. • I often speak or communicate to others in online classes. • The instructors of online/hybrid classes are generally responsive. • Instructors reduce and catch cheating effectively in hybrid/online classes. • I am comfortable with online learning technologies. |
F2F Preference | Minus log sum of 1(strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) rating of 4 items (Cronbach’s α = 0.7525) • I enjoy face-to-face classes more. • I learn more in face-to-face classes. • I often speak or communicate to others in face-to-face classes. • I think that fairness and equity is better in face-to-face classes. |
Selection Online Class | Log percent online class selection going forward |
Independent Variables | |
Undergraduate (vs. graduate) | Graduate (1) vs. Undergraduate (0) |
Age | Log year of age |
Race | White (1), African American (2), API (3), Latino (4), and Other (5) |
Work Status | Full Time (2), Part Time (1), Not Work (0) |
Distance to University | Log number of miles away from campus |
Number of HD/OL Classes Taken | Log number of classes taken |
Basic Online Modality | Minus Factor score |
Instructional Support | Minus Factor score |
Teaching Presence | Minus Factor score |
Cognitive Presence | Minus Factor score |
Online Social Comfort | Minus Factor score |
Interactive Modality | Minus Factor score |
Social Presence | Minus Factor score |