Table 1 A data literacy competencies matrix (Ridsdale et al., 2015)

Data collection

Data Discovery and Collection

Evaluating and Ensuring the Quality of Data and Sources

Data management

Data Organization

Data Manipulation

Data Conversion (from format to format)

Metadata Creation and Use

Data Curation, Security, and Reuse

Data Preservation

Data evaluation

Data Tools

Basic Data Analysis

Data Interpretation (Understanding Data)

Identifying Problems Using Data

Data Visualization

Presenting Data (Verbally)

Data-Driven Decisions Making (DDDM) (Making decisions based on data)

Data application

Critical Thinking

Data Culture

Data Ethics

Data Citation

Data Sharing

Evaluating Decisions Based on Data