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Table 3 Top 5 most often identified student engagement indicators according to student engagement dimension (Studies n = 243)

From: Mapping research in student engagement and educational technology in higher education: a systematic evidence map

Rank

Cognitive SE

Behavioural SE

Affective SE

1

Learning from peers (n = 54, 22%)

Participation/interaction/ involvement (n = 118, 49%)

Positive interaction with teachers and peers (n = 100, 41%)

2

Deep learning (n = 45, 19%)

Achievement (n = 106, 44%)

Enjoyment (n = 55, 23%)

3

Self-regulation (n = 39, 16%)

Confidence (n = 37, 15%)

Positive attitude about learning

Interest

(n = 37, 15%)

4

Positive self-perception (n = 26, 11%)

Study habits (n = 19, 8%)

Motivation (n = 32, 13%)

5

Critical thinking (n = 25, 10%)

Attention/focus

Assume responsibility

(n = 17, 7%)

Enthusiasm (n = 27, 11%)

  1. Note. SE Student engagement