Constructs | Item | Mean | Standard Deviation | Cronbach’s alpha | Composite Reliability | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Academic engagement (AE) | AE1 | 3.11 | 1.06 | 0.833 | 0.883 | 0.601 |
AE2 | 3.27 | 1.04 | ||||
AE3 | 3.22 | 1.05 | ||||
AE4 | 3.54 | 0.99 | ||||
AE5 | 3.20 | 0.98 | ||||
2. E-learning adoption (EA) | EA1 | 2.93 | 1.18 | 0.864 | 0.916 | 0.785 |
EA2 | 2.56 | 1.26 | ||||
EA3 | 3.05 | 1.31 | ||||
3. E-learning attitude (ET) | ET1 | 3.31 | 1.03 | 0.934 | 0.953 | 0.834 |
ET2 | 3.31 | 1.00 | ||||
ET3 | 3.19 | 0.98 | ||||
ET4 | 3.34 | 0.96 | ||||
4. Digital readiness (DR) | DR1 | 3.84 | 0.88 | 0.833 | 0.889 | 0.668 |
DR2 | 3.79 | 1.01 | ||||
DR3 | 3.98 | 0.90 | ||||
DR4 | 3.90 | 0.94 | ||||
5. Academic achievement (GPA) | GPA | 7.14 | 1.01 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |