Table 5 Overall statistical results
From: Investigating self-directed learning and technology readiness in blending learning environment
| Â | Mean Score | S.D. | BL Mean | S.D. | NBL Mean | S.D. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Learning motivation | 3.630 | 0.532 | 3.636 | 0.541 | 3.624 | 0.526 |
 LM1 | 3.780 | 0.748 | 3.725 | 0.773 | 3.826 | 0.727 |
 LM2 | 3.807 | 0.719 | 3.814 | 0.714 | 3.802 | 0.726 |
 LM3 | 3.561 | 0.785 | 3.608 | 0.785 | 3.521 | 0.786 |
 LM4 | 3.623 | 0.760 | 3.676 | 0.747 | 3.579 | 0.772 |
 LM5 | 3.637 | 0.799 | 3.696 | 0.755 | 3.587 | 0.833 |
 LM6 | 3.395 | 0.868 | 3.402 | 0.824 | 3.388 | 0.907 |
 LM7 | 3.650 | 0.813 | 3.588 | 0.813 | 3.703 | 0.813 |
 LM8 | 3.565 | 0.840 | 3.559 | 0.765 | 3.570 | 0.902 |
Self-directed learning | 3.496 | 0.584 | 3.426 | 0.524 | 3.555 | 0.627 |
 SD1 | 3.520 | 0.915 | 3.441 | 0.929 | 3.587 | 0.901 |
 SD2 | 3.260 | 0.802 | 3.294 | 0.752 | 3.231 | 0.844 |
 SD3 | 3.238 | 0.712 | 3.196 | 0.745 | 3.273 | 0.683 |
 SD4 | 3.466 | 0.793 | 3.412 | 0.825 | 3.512 | 0.765 |
 SD5 | 3.574 | 2.766 | 3.324 | 0.760 | 3.785 | 3.684 |
 SD6 | 3.552 | 0.769 | 3.431 | 0.777 | 3.653 | 0.750 |
 SD7 | 3.601 | 0.837 | 3.569 | 0.802 | 3.628 | 0.867 |
 SD8 | 3.507 | 0.782 | 3.490 | 0.728 | 3.521 | 0.828 |
 SD9 | 3.570 | 0.725 | 3.490 | 0.754 | 3.636 | 0.695 |
 SD10 | 3.668 | 0.715 | 3.608 | 0.692 | 3.719 | 0.733 |
Technology readiness | 3.569 | 0.515 | 3.562 | 0.587 | 3.574 | 0.448 |
 TRD1 | 3.794 | 0.778 | 3.716 | 0.813 | 3.860 | 0.745 |
 TRD2 | 3.798 | 0.704 | 3.784 | 0.766 | 3.810 | 0.650 |
 TRD3 | 3.592 | 0.771 | 3.559 | 0.896 | 3.620 | 0.649 |
 TRD4 | 3.462 | 0.868 | 3.500 | 0.941 | 3.430 | 0.804 |
 TRD5 | 3.507 | 0.848 | 3.431 | 0.939 | 3.570 | 0.762 |
 TRD6 | 3.399 | 0.879 | 3.324 | 0.903 | 3.463 | 0.857 |
 TRD7 | 3.619 | 0.743 | 3.608 | 0.810 | 3.628 | 0.685 |
 TRD8 | 3.363 | 0.848 | 3.559 | 0.815 | 3.198 | 0.843 |
Social presence | 3.535 | 0.520 | 3.559 | 0.579 | 3.515 | 0.467 |
 SP1 | 3.534 | 0.709 | 3.500 | 0.728 | 3.562 | 0.694 |
 SP2 | 3.700 | 0.640 | 3.755 | 0.681 | 3.653 | 0.602 |
 SP3 | 3.592 | 0.716 | 3.647 | 0.779 | 3.546 | 0.658 |
 SP4 | 3.668 | 0.709 | 3.618 | 0.797 | 3.711 | 0.625 |
 SP5 | 3.404 | 0.810 | 3.422 | 0.789 | 3.388 | 0.830 |
 SP6 | 3.314 | 0.805 | 3.412 | 0.813 | 3.231 | 0.793 |
Cognitive presence | 3.542 | 0.576 | 3.518 | 0.611 | 3.562 | 0.548 |
 CP1 | 3.543 | 0.733 | 3.539 | 0.792 | 3.546 | 0.683 |
 CP2 | 3.498 | 0.753 | 3.382 | 0.784 | 3.595 | 0.714 |
 CP3 | 3.556 | 0.797 | 3.510 | 0.829 | 3.595 | 0.770 |
 CP4 | 3.583 | 0.754 | 3.529 | 0.792 | 3.628 | 0.720 |
 CP5 | 3.525 | 0.776 | 3.490 | 0.767 | 3.554 | 0.785 |
 CP6 | 3.520 | 0.770 | 3.598 | 0.721 | 3.455 | 0.806 |
 CP7 | 3.570 | 0.845 | 3.578 | 0.826 | 3.562 | 0.865 |
Teaching presence | 3.611 | 0.861 | 3.733 | 1.032 | 3.507 | 0.671 |
 TP1 | 3.713 | 0.799 | 3.706 | 0.765 | 3.719 | 0.829 |
 TP2 | 3.579 | 0.828 | 3.696 | 0.742 | 3.479 | 0.886 |
 TP3 | 3.498 | 0.890 | 3.627 | 0.832 | 3.388 | 0.925 |
 TP4 | 3.704 | 2.843 | 3.618 | 0.821 | 3.446 | 0.885 |
 TP5 | 3.561 | 0.780 | 3.627 | 0.730 | 3.504 | 0.818 |